04 The World As l See lt我的世界观
How strange is the lot of us mortals！Each of us is here for a brief sojourn；for what purpose he knows not,though he sometimes thinks he senses it. But without deeper reflection one knows from daily life that one exists for other people—first of all for those upon whose smiles and well-being our own happiness is wholly dependent,and then for the many,unknown to us,to whose destinies we are bound by the ties of sympathy.A hundred times every day l remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men,living and dead,and that l must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as l have received and am still receiving.I am strongly drawn to a frugal life and am often oppressively aware that l am engrossing an undue amount of the labor of my fellow-men.I regard class distinctions as unjustified and,in the last resort,based on force.I also believe that a simple and unassuming life is good for everybody,physically and mentally.
我们这些总有一死的人的命运多么奇特！我们每个人在这个世界上都只做一个短暂的逗留，目的何在，却无从知道，尽管有时自以为对此若有所感。但是，不必深思，只要从日常生活就可以明白：人是为别人而生存的——首先是为那样一些人，我们的幸福全部依赖于他们的喜悦和健康；其次是为许多我们所不认识的人，他们的命运通过同情的纽带同我们密切结合在一起。我每天上百次地提醒自己：我的精神生活和物质生活都是以别人（包括生者和死者）的劳动为基础的，我必须尽力以同样的分量来回报我所领受了的和至今还在领受着的东西。我强烈向往俭朴的生活，时常发觉自己占用了同胞的过多劳动。我认为阶级的区分是不合理的，它最后所凭借的是暴力。我也相信，简单淳朴的生活，无论在身体上还是在精神上，对每个人都是有益的。
I do not at all believe in human freedom in the philosophical sense. Everybody acts not only under external compulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity.Schopenhauer's saying，“A man can do what he wants,but not want what he wants，”has been a very real inspiration to me since my youth；it has been a continual consolation in the face of life's hardships,my own and others and an unfailing well-spring of tolerance.This realization mercifully mitigates the easily paralyzing sense of responsibility and prevents us from taking ourselves and other people all too seriously；it is conducive to a view of life which,in particular,gives humor its due.
我完全不相信人类会有那种哲学意义上的自由。每一个人的行为不仅受着外界的强制，而且要适应内在的必然。叔本华说：“人虽然能够做他所想做的，但不能要他所想要的。”这句格言从我青年时代起就给了我真正的启示。在我自己和别人的生活面临困难的时候，它使我们得到安慰，并且是宽容持续不断的源泉。这种体会可以宽大为怀地减轻那种容易使人气馁的责任感，也可以防止我们过于严肃地对待自己和别人。以此建立的人生观特地给幽默以应有的地位。
To inquire after the meaning or object of one's own existence or that of all creatures has always seemed to me absurd from an objective point of view. And yet everybody has certain ideals which determine the direction of his endeavors and his judgments.In this sense l have never looked upon ease and happiness as ends in themselves—this ethical basis l call the ideal of a pigsty.The ideals which have lighted my way,and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully,have been Kindness,Beauty,and Truth.Without the sense of kinship with men of like mind,without the occupation with the objective world,the eternally unattainable in the field of art and scientific endeavors,life would have seemed to me empty.The trite objects of human efforts—possessions,outward success,luxury—have always seemed to me contemptible.
要追究一个人自己或一切生物生存的意义或目的，从客观的观点看来，我总觉得是愚蠢可笑的。可是每个人都有一些理想，这些理想决定着他的努力和判断的方向。在这个意义上，我从来不把安逸和享乐看作生活目的本身——我把这种伦理基础叫作猪栏的理想。照亮我的道路，是善、美和真。要是没有志同道合者之间的亲切感情，要不是全神贯注于客观世界——那个在艺术和科学工作领域里永远达不到的对象，那么在我看来，生活就是空虚的。我总觉得，人们努力追求的庸俗目标——财产、虚荣、奢侈的生活——都是可鄙的。
My passionate sense of social justice and social responsibility has always contrasted oddly with my pronounced lack of need for direct contact with other human beings and human communities. l am truly a“lone traveler”and have never belonged to my country,my home,my friend,or even my immediate family,with my whole heart；in the face of all these ties,l have never lost a sense of distance and a need for solitude—feelings which increase with the years.One becomes sharply aware,but without regret,of the limits of mutual understanding and consonance with other people.No doubt,such a person loses some of his innocence and unconcern；on the other hand,he is largely independent of the opinions,habits and judgments of his fellows and avoids the temptation to build his inner equilibrium upon such insecure foundations.
我有强烈的社会正义感和社会责任感，但我又明显地缺乏与别人和社会直接接触的需求，这两者总是形成古怪的对照。我实在是一个“孤独的旅客”，我未曾全心全意地属于我的国家、我的家庭、我的朋友，甚至我最为接近的亲人；在所有这些关系面前，我总是感到有一定距离而且需要保持孤独——而这种感受正与年俱增。人们会清楚地发觉，同别人的相互了解和协调一致是有限度的，但这不值得惋惜。无疑，这样的人在某种程度上会失去他的天真无邪和无忧无虑的心境。但另一方面，他却能够在很大程度上不为别人的意见、习惯和判断所左右，并且能够避免那种把他的内心平衡建立在这样一些不可靠的基础之上的诱惑。
mortal[ˈmɔːt（ə）l]n.人类，凡人
例 Or else he would forego his mortal nature.
不然他就失去了凡人的本性。
sojourn[ˈsɒdʒɜːn]n.逗留；旅居
例 This year’s plan：a week-long sojourn to Bali in November,complete with surfing lessons.
今年的计划是11月份去巴厘岛居住一周时间，完成冲浪课程。
oppressively[əˈprɛsɪvli]adv.压迫地；沉重地
例 It was oppressively hot in the office.
办公室里热得让人感到压抑。
distinction[dɪˈstɪŋ（k）ʃ（ə）n]n.区别；差别；特性；荣誉、勋章
例 That was a highly statistically significant distinction.
这是数字统计上的明显区别。
unjustified[ʌnˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd]adj.不正当的；未被证明其正确的
例 This smacks of unjustified optimism.
这其中有不合理的乐观意味。
philosophical[fɪləˈsɒfɪk（ə）l]adj.哲学的（等于philosophic）；冷静的
例 I especially appreciate his philosophical simplicity.
我特别欣赏他的朴素哲学。
compulsion[kəmˈpʌlʃ（ə）n]n.强制；强迫；强制力
例 How can compulsion serve as an ally?
强迫性冲动怎样才能变成我们的盟友？
inspiration[ɪnspɪˈreɪʃ（ə）n]n.灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计
例 Instead,they found inspiration from reality tv competitions like American ldol.
相反，他们从《美国偶像》（American ldol）这类电视真人秀节目中找到了灵感。
consolation[ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃ（ə）n]n.安慰；慰问；起安慰作用的人或事物
例 Mr.Obama will find no consolation on the world stage.
奥巴马在国际舞台上也寻求不到安慰。
mitigate[ˈmɪtɪgeɪt]vt.使缓和，使减轻
例 What could you do to mitigate the fallout?
你能做些什么来减轻受到的影响呢？
endeavor[ɪnˈdɛvɚ]n.努力；尽力
例 The result：innovation is“an active endeavor，”the authors write.
研究的结论是：创新是“积极的努力”。
passionate[ˈpæʃənət]adj.热烈的；激昂的；易怒的；易被情欲所支配的
例 Mahler was also known for his passionate involvements outside marriage.
马勒也因为其轰轰烈烈的婚外情而出名。
solitude[ˈsɒlɪtjuːd]adj.单独，孤独；偏僻处，隐居处
例 The motif of these volumes is that“solitude is the richness of the soul,loneliness is its poverty.”
这几卷的主题是“孤独是灵魂的财富，寂寞是灵魂的贫瘠”。
equilibrium[ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəmˌekwɪ-]n.均衡；平静；保持平衡的能力
例 Homeostasis is our body’s attempt to maintain equilibrium.
平衡是我们的身体想要保持的状态。
①How strange is the lot of us mortals！
本句为how引导的感叹句。这类句子的构成一般为how+adj.+主语+谓语，也可以是how+adj.+a/an+主语+谓语。此外，在本句中us和mortal都表示“人类”，在语法上mortal为us的同位语。
另外，感叹句也可以用what引导，这类句子的构成一般为what+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语，也可以是what+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语，例如：
例 What a nice present it is！
它是一件多么好的礼物啊！
②A man can do what he wants,but not want what he wants.
本句为典型的宾语从句。逗号前面一句话中，do为先行词，what为引导宾语从句的关系代词；同样地，在逗号后面一句话中，want为先行词，what为引导宾语从句的关系代词。
关于宾语从句，无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句+连词+宾语从句（主语+谓语+……）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
1）连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中做主语。常见的连接词有：who,what,which等。
例 Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?
你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？
2）连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中做主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose,what,which,how many,how much等。
例 He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.
他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
3）连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中做宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what,which,how many,how much,when,why,how,where,if/whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。
例 He hasn’t decided if he’ll go on a trip to Wuxi.
他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
4）连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中做宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what,which,how many,how much,how等。
例 Do you know which class he is in?
你知道他在哪个班吗？
1.Solitude is the richness of the soul,loneliness is its poverty.
孤独是灵魂的财富，寂寞是灵魂的贫瘠。
2.But be not afraid of greatness：some men are born great,some achieve greatness,and some have greatness thrust upon them.
不要害怕伟大：有些人生来就伟大，有些人通过努力达到伟大，有些人则不得不变得伟大。
3.An adventure is only an inconvenience rightly considered.An inconvenience is only an adventure wrongly considered.
正确地认识你的麻烦，它就成了一场冒险。如果你不能正视一场冒险，它就变成了一堆麻烦。
4.Hold it the greatest wrong to prefer life to honor and for the sake of life to lose the reason for living.
要记住，为了生存而放弃尊严，为了生存而放弃生存的意义，是最为错误的举动。
5.I postpone death by living,by suffering,by error,by risking,by giving.
我用生活、痛苦、错误、冒险与奉献——来拖延死亡。
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