英语专业四级新题型解题技巧与实战模拟
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完型填空部分

一、题型简介

本部分采用选择题的形式。在一篇约250个单词、题材熟悉、难度中等的短文中留出10个空白。每个空白为一题,要求考生从所给的词库中选择最佳答案。本部分主要测试学生的综合语言知识和技能。

二、大纲分析

完形填空15选10是2015年英语专业四级考试改革后的新题型,主要考查考生在语篇环境下对词汇和语法知识的掌握。题目数量由原来的20题调整为10道题,分值由原来的每题0.5分增加到1分,考试时间由原来的15分钟缩短至10分钟,难度加大了,考生心理压力更大。对考生更大的挑战还在于出题方式的改变,由原来的单句填空4选1调整为篇章填空15选10,要求考生对短文的大意和结构有更清晰的把握,而且一旦填错一个空格,极有可能出现连环出错的情况,所以考试难度有所增加。

三、解题技巧

首先考生要快速浏览全文,尤其是文章首段或首句,对文章的主题和结构有大致的了解。其次要对15个选项进行词性的分类,要注意某些单词具有多重词性;如果考生经验丰富,会发现同一词性的多个选项会出现近义词或反义词的情况,这就是干扰项。然后根据空格处应填入单词的词性缩小范围,并根据上下文以及逻辑关系确定选项。最后检查全文,要保证填入的单词在意义和语法两个方面都正确。下面以2016年英语专业四级完型填空真题为例加以说明:

Imagine a world without writing.Obviously there would be no books:no novels,no encyclopedias,no cookbooks,no textbooks,no telephone books,no scriptures,no diaries,no travel guides.There would be no ball-points,no typewriters,no computers,no Internet,no magazines,no movie credits,no shopping lists,no newspapers,no tax returns.But such_____(31)of objects almost miss the point.The world we live in has been indelibly marked by the written word,_____(32)by the technology of writing over thousands of years.Ancient kings proclaimed their authority and_____(33)their laws in writing.Scribes administered great empires by writing,their knowledge of recording and retrieving information essential to governing complex societies.Religious traditions were passed on through_____(34),and spread to others,in writing.Scientific and technological progress was achieved and_____(35)through writing.Accounts in trade and commerce could be kept because of writing.Nearly every step of civilization has been mediated through writing.A world without writing would bear_____(36)resemblance to the one we now live in.Writing is a_____(37)necessity to the societies anthropologists call civilizations.A civilization is distinguished from other societies by the complexity of its social organization,by its construction of cities and large public buildings,and by the economic specialization of its members,many of whom are not_____(38)involved in food procurement or production.A civilization,with its taxation and tribute systems,its trade,and its public works,requires a_____(39)system of record keeping.And so the early civilizations of Egypt,China,and(probably)India all developed a system of writing.Only the Peruvian civilization of the Incas and their predecessors did not use writing but_____(40)invented a system of keeping records on knotted color-coded strings known asquipu.

首先将词库中的15个单词按照词性进行分类,注意有些单词具有多重词性:

名词:combinations(组合),generations(一辈),lists(清单);

动词:disseminated(传播),promulgated(颁布),publicized(宣传),shaped(塑造)和transplanted(移植);

形容词:ample(充足的),scant(不足的),sophisticated(复杂的)和virtual(虚拟的);

副词:directly(直接地),genuinely(真正地),instead(然而)。

然后根据空格处应填入单词的词性缩小范围,并根据上下文以及逻辑关系确定选项:

31.答案:H考查名词

文章首句就点明主题:书写或者文字对文明社会的重要性。空格处句意为“但单靠这样一份物品的_____并不能说明问题”,根据句子结构可知这里需要填入一个名词,而前文中列举了许多跟文字有关的发明或设备,所以应为lists of objects,故选H。

32.答案:L考查动词

根据句子结构marked by the written word,_____by the technology of writing可知这里应该填入动词跟marked并列,根据句意“千百年来,文字给我们所生活的世界刻上难以磨灭的印记,不断发展的书写技术塑造了我们生活的世界”,选L。

33.答案:I考查动词

空格处句意为“古代帝王通过文字来宣扬权威和_____法律”,应该填入动词构成短语与proclaimed their authority并列,能够搭配“法律”的动词只有promulgate,意为“颁布法律”,故选I。

34.答案:E考查名词

空格处在介词后面,需要填入名词,根据句意“宗教传统通过文字传给_____”,选择generations,意为“代代相传”,故选E。

35.答案:D考查动词

根据句子结构was achieved and_____through writing,应该填入动词与achieved并列,空格处句意为“通过文字来实现和_____科技发展”,只有disseminated可以构成disseminate the scientifc and technological progress(传播科学技术),故选D。

36.答案:K考查形容词

bear resemblance to是完整的动词短语,这里只能填入形容词来修饰resemblance,空格处句意为“没有文字的世界丝毫不像我们如今生活的世界”,所以要选择表示否定概念的scant,故选K。

37.答案:O考查形容词

空格处句意为“对于人类学家称之为文明的社会,文字是一种_____的必要”,只有形容词virtual符合句意和结构,意为“虚拟的必要”,故选O。

38.答案:C考查副词

be involved in是完整的动词短语,只能填入副词来修饰动词,空格处句意为“社会成员的经济专业化是文明社会区别于其他社会的重要因素,通常这样的社会成员并不_____参与食物的采购或生产”,只有directly符合句意,表示文明社会中专业化的社会成员不会直接生产粮食,故选C。

39.答案:M考查形容词

空格处句意为“文明社会的税收及朝贡制度,商业活动及市政工程需要一套_____的记录系统”,只有形容词sophisticated符合,意为“复杂的系统”,故选M。

40.答案:G考查副词

空格处句意为“只有秘鲁的印加文明及其先辈们没有发展书写记录系统,_____发明了用彩色标记的结绳来记录的方式”,but instead构成转折关系,故选G。

四、真题分析

Millions of people now rent their movies the Netflix way.They fll out a wish list from the 50,009 titles on the company’s web site and receive the first few DVD’s in the mail;when they mail each one back,the next one on the list is sent.The Netflix model has been exhaustively analyzed for its disruptive,new-economy_____(31).What will it mean for video stores like Blockbuster?What will it mean for movie studios and theaters?What does it show about“long tail”businesses——ones that combine many markets into a_____(32)target audience?But one other major implication has_____(33)been mentioned:what this and similar Internet-based businesses mean for the United States Postal Service.

Every day,some two million Netflix envelopes come and go as frstclass mail.They are joined by millions of other shipments from_____(34)pharmacies,eBay vendors,Amazon.com and other businesses that did not exist before the Internet.

The_____(35)of“snail mail”in the age of electronic communication has been predicted at least as often as the coming of the paperless offce.But the consumption of paper keeps_____(36).It has roughly doubled since 1980.On average,an American household receives twice as many pieces of mail a day as it did in the 1970’s.

The harmful side of the Internet’s impact is obvious but statistically less important than many would guess.People_____(37)write fewer letters when they can send e-mail messages.To_____(38)through a box of old paper correspondence is to know what has been_____(39)in this shift:the pretty stamps,the varying look and feel of handwritten and typed correspondence,the tangible_____(40)that was once in the sender’s hands.

词库中的单词按照词性分类如下:

名词:demise(终止,死亡);emergence(出现,兴起);implications(含义,意义);leaf(叶子;书籍的一页);object(物体;目的)和value(价值);

动词:demise(传位,禅让);gain(获得);leaf(翻阅);lose(失去);object(反对)和rise(升起);

形容词:gained(获得的);lost(失去的);one(唯一的,仅有的);online(在线的);rising(上升的,增长的)和single(单一的);

副词:always(总是);barely(几乎不);naturally(自然地)和online(在线地)

代词:one(用以指代明确的人或物)

31.答案:F考查名词

文章首句就点明主题:人们现在已经习惯了在Netflix上租赁影片。根据句意“Netflix模式因其颠覆性的,新经济的_____而被详细分析”,空格处应填入一个名词,而下文列举出Netflix模式的流行对音像店,电影院等的意义,只有economy implications(经济意义)符合句意。且首段末句one other major implication has been mentioned也印证本题选F。

32.答案:N考查形容词

空格处句意为“长尾商业模式是指将众多市场整合成_____目标受众的商业模式”,只有形容词single符合句意和结构,意为“单一的目标受众”,故选N。

33.答案:B考查副词

前文提到Netflix租赁模式对音像店等的影响,后文提到该模式和类似的互联网商业模式对美国邮政服务的意义(what this and similar Internet-based businesses mean for the United States Postal Service),而两者用连词but连接说明前后内容相背,只有副词barely符合句意和结构,意为“但是另外一个重要的意义鲜被提及”,故选B。

34.答案:L考查形容词

空格处句意为“另外还有数以万计的商品,来自_____药店、易贝交易平台、亚马逊网站及其他在互联网出现后才诞生的公司”,句子中的eBay和Amazon等都是在线购物网站,只有online符合句意,故选L。

35.答案:C考查名词

本句将电子通讯时代“蜗牛邮件”的_____与“办公无纸化”的到来进行类比,只有demise符合句意和结构,意为“蜗牛邮件会在网络时代消失”,故选C。

36.答案:M考查动词

keep后面应跟动名词或者形容词,根据句意“纸张的消耗量却一直保持_____”选择rising,意为“纸张消耗量不断增长”,故选M。

37.答案:I考查副词

空格处句意为“当人们可以发电子邮件时,写信_____就少了”,只有naturally符合句意和结构,表示一种因果关系,故选I。

38.答案:G考查动词

词库中的动词只有leaf through为固定短语,意为“翻阅邮箱”,故选G。

39.答案:H考查形容词

has been后面可以接形容词构成系表结构,或者接过去分词构成现在完成时的被动语态,根据句意“翻看一箱旧信件,你就会知道在这种转型中失去了什么”,选H。

40.答案:J考查名词

根据定语从句中的was判断空格处应填入单数名词,只有object符合句意,表示“传统纸质信件是触手可及的实物”,与虚拟的电子邮件形成鲜明的对比,故选J。