Unit 2 复合句

名词性从句

考考你的眼力

在含有名词性从句的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。

（ ）1. I don't know what he is doing．我不知道他在做什么。

（ ）2. Did you see the man who is in red？你看见这个穿红衣服的人了吗？

（ ）3. He mentioned the fact that you made a mistake．他提到你犯错的事实。

（ ）4. It's a pity that she missed the game．遗憾的是她错过了比赛。

（ ）5. If they don't agree, we will cancel the contract．如果他们不同意，我们就取消合同。

（ ）6. What they are holding is litter bins．他们拿的是废纸箱。

（ ）7. He got up early in order that he could catch up with the bus．为了赶上公交车，他起得很早。

（ ）8. The woman wears a colorful coat, which attracts people's sight．这位女士穿了一件鲜艳的外套，吸引了人们的注意。

参考答案

1．（√）2．（×）3．（√）4．（√）5．（×）6．（√）7．（×）8．（×）

知识大放送

名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。

一、主语从句

顾名思义，主语从句就是在句中充当主语的从句，这类从句的引导词有：连接代词what, whichever, whoever, whatever，连接副词when, why, how, where，以及连词whether和that。

1．that引导的主语从句

如果that引导的主语从句位于句末，而句首使用了it作形式主语，则that可以省略。如果that引导的主语从句位于句首，that不能省略。

· It's true（that）they realized their goal within three months．他们在三个月内实现了目标，这是真的。

· That he was absent from the meeting is a rumor．他缺席会议的事情是个谣言。

2．whether引导的主语从句

whether引导的主语从句通常位于句首，也可以用it作形式主语，而whether从句置后。

· Whether he can pass the exam is unknown yet．他是否能通过考试还不得而知。

· It's obvious whether the team can win the final fame．这支队伍能否赢得决赛，这是很明显的。

· Whether the city（should）develop tourism is not decided．这个城市是否要发展旅游业还没有决定。

3．连接代词引导的主语从句

· What they said is against the chairman's idea．他们说的话与主席的想法相反。

· It was important what you should remember in mind．你应该把什么记在心里，这很重要。

· Whatever you see should forget quickly．不管你看到了什么都应该快速忘记。

· Whoever is late will be criticized by the teacher．无论谁迟到都会被老师批评。

4．疑问副词引导的主语从句

· When the man was killed was a mystery．这个人什么时候被杀死成了一个谜团。

· Where they will spend their honeymoon is known by all．所有人都知道他们要去哪里度蜜月。

· How to make a complete song is very difficult for her．如何制作一首完整的歌曲对她来说非常困难。

5．用it作形式主语的主语从句

· It's necessary that we should prepare for the coming holiday．为即将到来的假期做些准备很有必要。

· It is thought that there are 200 countries in the world．人们认为世界上有两百个国家。

· It is said that the president will visit another country next month．据说主席下个月要访问另一个国家。

· It must be pointed out that these data are useless for research．必须指出的是这些数据对研究没用。

二、宾语从句

宾语从句是在句子中充当宾语成分的从句，宾语从句的引导词有：从属连词that, whether, if；连接代词what, who, whom, which；连接副词when, why, where, how。

1．从属连词引导的宾语从句

· The tall player said（that）he had won five champions．这个高大的运动员说他已经赢了5个冠军。

· I don't know whether it will rain or not．我不知道是否要下雨。

· We wonder if you could change a seat with us．我们想知道你能否和我们换座位。

注：whether和if引导宾语从句时，有时可以互换，有时只能用whether，而不能用If。

2．连接代词引导的宾语从句

· I don't care what they said．我不在乎他们说了什么。

· It's very important who will teach Grade 5．谁教5年级很重要。

· She would like to choose which has a beautiful diamond on it．她会选择上面有钻石的那个。

3．连接副词引导的宾语从句

· Only the professor can explain how to do the experiment．只有教授能解释如何做实验。

· Can you tell me where I can find the correct answer？你能告诉我在哪里可以找到正确答案吗？

· They don't decide when to start the huge project．他们还没有决定什么时候开始这个巨大的工程。

4．宾语从句的特殊情况：

如果主句是一般现在时，且主句的主语是第一人称，而主句的谓语动词是感知动词（think, believe, suppose, consider, expect, imagine等），那么从句的否定词需要移动到主句中。

· I don't think you are doing the right．我认为你做得不对。

· I don't believe you have failed the exam．我不相信你没有通过考试。

· We don't consider they can run the restaurant well．我们相信，他们不会把餐厅经营好。

三、同位语从句

同位语从句是对修饰的名词进行解释说明的从句，其引导词有：连词that, whether；连接代词what, whatever, which, who, whom；连接副词how, when, why, where。

下列抽象名词后常常跟同位语从句：

idea（主意）、answer（答案）、fact（事实）、news（消息、新闻）、belief（信仰）、order（命令）、suggestion（建议）、advice（建议）、problem（问题）、promise（承诺）等。

1．连词引导的同位语从句

· He remembered the matter that someone broke the window．他记起了有人打碎了玻璃的事实。

· Did you hear the news that he was admitted by the first-class university？你听说他被一流大学录取的消息了吗？

· No one gave an advice whether the meeting should be going on．这个会议是否要继续，没有人给出建议。

2．连接代词引导的同位语从句

· They have no idea what they can do to help the poor．他们不知道能做什么来帮助穷人。

· I remind them the problem who will be elected monitor．我提醒了他们谁将当选班长这个问题。

· He made the suggestion what they should do to save the scheme．他提出了他们应该做什么来拯救这个方案的建议。

3．连接副词引导的同位语从句

· No one found the problem where the so-called evidence is．所谓的证据在哪，没有人发现这个问题。

· Maybe the youngest man has known the solution how to change the humidity．也许这个最年轻的人已经知道了如何改变湿度的方法。

· Do you have any idea when the exhibition will start？你知道展览会什么时候开始吗？

4．同位语从句的虚拟语气用法

如果同位语从句修饰的名词是表示“建议、劝告、命令”等名词时，从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省略。

· He gave the suggestion that I（should）write a thanks letter．他建议我写一封感谢信。

· Their advice that we（should）leave for New York was refused．他们关于我们应该出发前往纽约的建议被否决了。

· The boss made the order that all the staff（should）not be late every day．老板下令每一位员工每天都不能迟到。

四、表语从句

表语从句一般是用来修饰主语的，对主语的特征、状态进行描述，多用在系动词后。

表语从句的连接词有：连词that, whether，连接词组as if, as though，连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, why, how, where, why, because。

1．连词引导的表语从句

· It seems that they are going to merge with another company．他们似乎要和另外一家公司合并。

· The problem is whether we can invest real estate without risks．问题是我们能否无风险地投资房地产。

· Her thought is that she could borrow some money from her friends．她的想法是她可以从朋友那里借一些钱。

注：引导表语从句时，whether不能用if代替。

2．连接词组引导的表语从句

· It looks as if it is going to rain．看起来好像要下雨了。

· It looks as if the children dislike him．看起来孩子们好像不喜欢他。

· It sounds as though someone is running towards the classroom．听起来好像有人在向教室跑来。

3．连接代词引导的表语从句

· This is what I want to do in the future．这是我将来想做的事情。

· This is whom my friend talked with yesterday．这就是我朋友昨天交谈的人。

· This is whose book I want to borrow．这就是我想借的那本书。

4．连接副词引导的表语从句

· This is where she will work．这就是她将要工作的地方。

· That is why you are not allowed to enter the hall．那就是你为什么不能进礼堂的原因。

· The problem is when they can afford a house．问题是他们什么时候能够买得起房子。

5．表语从句的虚拟语气用法

如果表语从句修饰的主语是表示“建议、命令、劝告”的名词，那么从句的谓语动词应用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省略。

· The man's order that everyone（should）not be allowed to leave the building was neglected．这个人命令，每个人都不能离开大楼，被无视了。

· The teacher's advice is that we（should）practice a lot．老师的建议是我们应该多做练习。

· His plan is that we（should）spend the holiday at seaside．他的计划是我们在海边度假。

随手练一练

一、找出下列句子中的名词性从句，并翻译整个句子。

1．I think he should be responsible for this accident.

2．The elder's advice that they should irrigate the fields at one.

3．Whether he will come is not my concern.

4．The father often gave him the advice before death that he should be patient.

5．The trouble is that our car is running out of gas.

参考答案

1．I think he should be responsible for this accident．我认为他应该为这次事故负责。

2．The elder's advice that they shouId irrigate the fieIds at once．这位年长者的建议是他们应该马上灌溉农田。

3．Whether he will come is not my concern．他是否回来不是我所关心的。

4．The father often gave him the advice before death that he should be patient．父亲生前经常建议他要耐心。

5．The trouble is that our car is running out of gas．麻烦的是我们的车子快没油了。

二、找出下面这段话中的名词性从句。

With the serious environmental pollution, many countries have taken strict measures, such as plastic and vehicle limit order. Some people think that this is not very helpful to protect the environment, because many people will not abide by the law. Some countries have imposed serious penalties on those who violate the plastic limit order, which serves as a warning. The problem is that this can't improve the environment fundamentally. Some experts gave the suggestions that energy countries should develop new technologies to develop alternative energy sources. Whether it can be successful depends greatly on the country's comprehensive strength.

参考答案

With the serious environmental pollution, many countries have taken strict measures, such as plastic and vehicle limit order. Some people think that this is not very helpful to protect the environment, because many people will not abide by the law. Some countries have imposed serious penalties on those who violate the plastic limit order, which serves as a warning. The problem is that this can't improve the environment fundamentally. Some experts gave the suggestions that energy countries should develop new technologies to develop alternative energy sources. Whether it can be successful depends greatly on the country's comprehensive strength.

定语从句

考考你的眼力

在含有定语从句的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。

（ ）1. He didn't notice the news that a factory exploded．他没有注意到这条工厂爆炸的新闻。

（ ）2. No one saw the man who is in the picture．没有人见过照片上的人。

（ ）3. My parents' thought is that I go to a local university．我父母的想法是我应该上一所本地的大学。

（ ）4. I haven't been to the place where he was worn．我没有去过他出生的地方。

（ ）5. I don't think the machine can work now．我觉得现在这台机器坏了。

参考答案

1．（×）2．（√）3．（×）4．（√）5．（×）

知识大放送

在复合句中修饰名词、代词或主句的句子就是定语从句，而被修饰的词就是先行词，通常位于定语从句前。引导定语从句的关系词有：关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose，关系副词when, where, why。

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1．指人的关系代词引导的定语从句

· The headmaster who wears bear is my father．长着胡子的校长是我爸爸。

· The girl whom I talked to yesterday just returned from abroad．我昨天交谈的女孩刚从国外回来。

· I saw a little boy that was riding on an adult bike．我看见一个小男孩在骑成人自行车。

注：关系代词that和who在定语从句中作主语时，可以互换。that和whom在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。

2．指物的关系代词引导的定语从句

· Did you see the tree that stands in front of our school？你看见我们学校前的那棵树了吗？

· He cancelled the meeting which was going to be held at six．他取消了要在六点举行的会议。

· They decorated the house which was bought two weeks ago．他们装修了两周前买的房子。

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

· I often think of the days when I spent the holiday in Paris．我经常想起在巴黎度假的日子。

· He drove me to the airport where I will take the flight．他开车带我去了机场，我要在那里乘飞机。

· You'd better give the reason why you didn't pick him up at the school．你最好解释一下你没有去学校接他的原因。

注：关系副词有时可引导定语从句修饰一些抽象名词，如situation情况、condition情况、case情况等。

· They are in a situation where they are very dangerous．他们处于非常危险的境地。

三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

如果关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语，从句多由“介词+关系代词”来引导，这种情况也可用在关系副词引导的定语从句中。

· She forgot to bring a novel for which her classmate asked．她忘记带她同桌想要的小说了。

· Tom went to the library in which / where he met his old friend．汤姆去了图书馆，在那里他遇见了老朋友。

· We will never forget the day on which they gave us a surprise．我们永远不会忘记那天他们给我们的惊喜。

四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句，即定语从句对修饰的先行词有限定的作用，被去掉后，句子的意义不完整；非限制性定语从句，即定语从句对修饰的先行词没有绝对限定的作用，去掉后并不影响句子的意义。

1．限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句中的关系词在充当定语从句的宾语时可省略，可以使用that。

· He is the smartest man（that / who）I've ever seen．他是我见过最聪明的人。

· This is the only kite that he made by all efforts．这是他唯一尽全力制作的风筝。

· It is a city that is famous for its tourism．这是一座因旅游业闻名的城市。

2．非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句的关系词不能是that，在作定语从句的宾语时不能省略，且who不能代替whom。

· She left the banquet early, which is a pity．她早早离开了宴会，这是一件遗憾的事。

· The man married the woman, whom he knew for many years．男士和女士结婚了，他认识了她很多年。

· He is a hard-working man, as is known to us all．我们都知道，他是一个勤奋的人。

3．限制性定语从句只能使用关系词that的情况

1．先行词是不定代词，或被every, a little, no, some, little, few, much, any, each等修饰。

2．先行词既包含人，又包含事和物。

3．先行词被序数词，形容词的最高级，或the only, the same, the very等修饰。

4．关系词在定语从句中作表语。

· He said something that is very important to the meeting．他说了一些对会议非常重要的事情。

· We saw the man and the dog that are walking towards us．我们看见了向我们走来的这个人和这条狗。

· There is no doubt that he is the last one that was praised by the teacher．毫无疑问他是最后被老师表扬的。

· The man is no longer the one that he was ten years old．这个人不再是十年前的他了。

4．关系代词as和which引导定语从句的区别

（1）as和which在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代整个句子时可互换。

· The department has been withdrawn, as / which is a good matter．这个部门被撤消了，这是一件好事。

· More and more young men are unemployed, as / which is normal．越来越多的年轻人失业了，这很正常。

· He must be able to get the highest score, as / which is beyond doubt．他肯定能得到最高分，这是毋庸置疑的。

（2）as引导的非限制性定语从句在复合句中的位置灵活，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。

· As is known to all, the Great Wall is Chinese ancient building．我们都知道，长城是中国的古建筑。

· The shape of the moon is changeable, which is a natural phenomenon．月亮的形状是可变的，这是一个自然现象。

· America, as we all know, is a developed country．众所周知，美国是一个发达国家。

（3）先行词被the same, such修饰时，只能用as来作定语从句的引导词。

· He said the same words as you said before．他说的话和你之前说的一样。

· There is such a big pool as we can swim in．有一个这么大的水池，我们可以在里面游泳。

· Last year, I bought the same dress as you had．去年我买了一条和你的一样的裙子。

随手练一练

一、找出下列复合句中的定语从句，并翻译整个句子。

1．They denied the fact that they made a mistake during the experiment.

2．The old man refused their help, as is quite strange.

3．Many people are not willing to return to the building in which they have worked.

4．Do you believe in him who always tells lies?

5．The way in which you treat your child is a fear.

参考答案

1．They denied the fact that they made a mistake during the experiment．他们否认了在实验中犯错的事实。

2．The old man refused their help, as is quite strange．老人拒绝了他们的帮助，这很奇怪。

3．Many people are not willing to return to the building in which they have worked．很多人不愿意回到他们曾工作过的大楼里。

4．Do you believe in him who always tells lies？你相信这个总是说谎的人吗？

5．The way in which you treat your child is a fear．你对待孩子的方式让人害怕。

二、找出下面这段话中的定语从句。

Do you know your blood type? Blood is each one's unique genes. As we all know, if people need for blood transfusion because of accidents, the doctor will choose the blood of the same blood type. The patient's body will quickly accept the blood instead of rejection. That's the reason why the blood type is so important. The normal adults that have normal weight a year can offer a few blood but not all people have a blood donation qualifications. Those who weigh less than 50 kg were not allowed to donate blood.

参考答案

Do you know your blood type? Blood is each one's unique genes. As we all know, if people need for blood transfusion because of accidents, the doctor will choose the blood of the same blood type. The patient's body will quickly accept the blood instead of rejection. That's the reason why the blood type is so important. The normal adults that have normal weight a year can offer a few blood but not all people have a blood donation qualifications. Those who weigh less than 50 kg were not allowed to donate blood.

状语从句

考考你的眼力

在含有状语从句的句子前打√，其它的句子前打×。

（ ）1. You'd better take an umbrella in order to avoid the rain．为了避雨，你最好带一把伞。

（ ）2. If you don't agree, they won't sign the contract．如果你不同意，他们不会签合同。

（ ）3. I was talking online with my pen pal when my father came in．爸爸进来的时候我正在和笔友网上聊天。

（ ）4. I will remind what you should do．我会提醒你应该做什么。

（ ）5. Although the meeting was cancelled, they didn't get off work on time．虽然会议取消了，但是他们还是没有按时下班。

（ ）6. Mr. Smith told us he couldn't attend the activity because of the rain．史密斯先生告知我们因为下雨他不能来参加活动了。

（ ）7. Some of researches were cancelled because they had no enough funds．因为经费不足一些研究被取消了。

（ ）8. She often goes to the place where her grandfather lives．她经常去爷爷居住的地方。

参考答案

1．（×）2．（√）3．（√）4．（×）5．（√）6．（×）7．（√）8．（×）

知识大放送

状语从句，顾名思义就是在复合句中充当状语成分的从句，其作用是修饰谓语、非谓语动词、状语、定语或整个句子。引导状语从句的词一般是从属连词和有连词作用的词。根据从句表达的不同含义，状语从句可分为八个类别，即：条件状语从句、时间状语从句、地点状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。

一、条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的词主要有：if（如果）, as / so long as（只要）, in case（如果）, on condition that（条件是）, if only（但愿）, only if（只要）, unless（除非）, providing / provided that（假如）

1．if引导的条件状语从句

if引导条件状语从句时，从句的谓语动词通常只用一般现在时和现在完成时，其主句的谓语动词可用现在时、过去时和将来时。if引导的条件状语从句可位于主句的前后。

· If you have done the work, you should leave as soon as possible．如果你完成了工作，就应该尽快离开。

· They won't go out if it continues to rain．如果继续下雨，他们不会出去。

· If they miss the train, I will drive them to the station．如果他们错过了火车，我会开车带他们去车站。

2．unless引导的条件状语从句

unless意为“除非”，语气较强，相当于if ... not，有时两者可互换。

· You'd better work hard unless you don't want to pass the exam．你最好努力学习，除非你不想通过考试。

· He will solve the difficult problem if I can't．如果我不能解决，他就会解决这个棘手的问题。

· They can't get there before ten in the evening unless they take by plane．他们不可能在晚上十点前到达，除非他们乘坐飞机。

3．as / so long as引导的条件状语从句

· She can make her dream come true as / so long as she makes up mind．只要她下决心，她就会实现梦想。

· As / So long as you promise to give us a discount, we will increase the order．只有你们承诺给予我们折扣，我们就会增加订单量。

· They will deliver the goods at once as / so long as they receive the deposit．只要他们收到定金，他们就会马上发货。

4．on condition that, providing / provided that等引导的条件状语从句

· Her mother will award her a car on condition that she will be admitted by a famous university．她妈妈会奖励她一辆车，条件是她考上名校。

· Providing / Provided that it will clear up tomorrow, they intend to have a climbing．假如明天会放晴，他们打算去爬山。

· Providing / Provided that no one would like to pay for the activity, they can only get the bad luck．如果没有人为这次活动买单，他们只能自认倒霉。

5．if only, only if引导的条件状语从句

if only引导的条件状语从句，通常要用虚拟语气；而only if表示的是现实中的某种情况，位于句首时，主谓部分倒装。

· If only it would become cool．如果天气变凉就好了。

· Only if it is autumn can the leaves fall from trees．只有到了秋天树叶才会从树上落下来。

· If only I were smart enough．如果我够聪明就好了。

二、时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的词有：when（什么时候）, as（当）, while（而）, after（在……之后）, before（在……之前）, since（自从）, as soon as（只要……就）, by the time（到……时）, till / until（直到）。

1．when, as, while引导的时间状语从句

· When they came back home, they found the key missing．他们回到家的时候发现钥匙丢了。

· The bird flew away as the boy tried to hit it．当小男孩试图攻击的时候，小鸟飞走了。

· The cook is making cakes while the waiter is serving．服务员在服务客人的时候，厨师在做蛋糕。

2．after和before引导的时间状语从句

· The tree grew fast after it was watered by the rain．树被雨水浇灌后生长得很快。

· You should knock at the door before visit someone．拜访某人前你要先敲门。

· Someone cried out before we made the call．我们打电话前有人叫了起来。

3．since和by the time引导的时间状语从句

· Since he left the hometown, his parents have always been looking for him．自从他离开家乡，他的父母一直在找他。

· It's five days since my wallet was lost．我的钱包丢失五天了。

· We will design a unique wedding dress for you by the time you get married．你结婚的时候我们会为你设计一件独一无二的婚纱。

注：since引导的时间状语从句，常和现在完成时连用；by the time引导的时间状语从句，其主句一般用一般将来时。

4．till和until引导的时间状语从句

· He didn't find out the truth until he saw the diary of the dead man．直到他看到了死者的日记，他才找到了真相。

· She always felt lonely till / until she got married．直到结婚前，她一直感到孤独。

· The man sat before the door till it was night．这个人在门前坐着直到夜晚。

5．as soon as, the moment, the instant, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly等词引导的时间状语从句

· She got the bad news as soon as she got back home．她一回到家就得知了这个坏消息。

· These insects flew away the moment they were found by people．这些昆虫一被人们发现就飞走了。

· The little girl turned shy directly she saw the strange uncle．小女孩一看到陌生的叔叔就害羞了。

注：在hardly / scarcely ... when和no sooner ... than引导的时间状语从句中，如果hardly, scarcely和no sooner位于句首，那么主句用倒装语序。在这类结构中，从句一般用一般过去时，而主句一般用过去完成时。

三、地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的词主要有：where（哪里）, anywhere（任何地方）, wherever（任何地方）。

1．where引导的地点状语从句

· Where there is a forest, there are animals．哪里有森林，哪里就有动物。

· Where the meeting will be hold, the secretary can be seen．会议在哪里举行，秘书就会出现在哪里。

· Where there is a new mall, these women always go shopping．哪里有新的商城，这些女人就去购物。

注：where引导的地点状语从句常常和there构成where ... there ..．结构，译为“哪里……，哪里就……”。

2．anywhere和wherever引导的地点状语从句

anywhere和wherever引导的地点状语从句，可位于主句的前后。

· Wherever they go, they always bring their belongings．不管他们去哪里，他们总是会带着他们的行李。

· Don't worry, your husband will take you anywhere there is garden．不要担心，你丈夫会带你去任何有花园的地方。

· Remember to call your parents everyday wherever you are．无论你在哪里，记得每天和父母打电话。

四、目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的词主要有：so that（以便）, in order that（以便）, for fear that（以免）, in case（以防）, lest（唯恐）。

1．so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句

so that引导的目的状语从句只能位于主句之后，而且从句中的谓语常常包含情态动词；in order that引导的目的状语从句可位于主句的前后。

· They had to work overtime this month so that they could finish the sales as scheduled．他们这个月不得不加班以便如期完成销售量。

· The hospital has increased 300 beds per floor in order that every patient has a bed．为了让每一位患者有床位，医院在每层楼增加了300个床位。

· In order that the library can be built in three months, the government employed 100 workers．为了能在三个月内建成图书馆，政府雇用了100名工人。注：so that引导的是目的状语从句，而so ... that引导的是结果状语从句。

2．for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句

在这类目的状语从句中，从句的谓语动词常常用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”, should可被省略。如果不用虚拟语气，从句一般用现在时或过去时。

· They prepared a large sum of money for fear that the project（should）be not passed．他们准备了一大笔钱，唯恐这个项目不能通过。

· You'd better tell him about your schedule lest he should be angry．你最好告诉他你的行程，以免他会生气。

· Her mother bought her a small-sized computer in case she can't carry it．她妈妈给她买了一台小型电脑，以防她拿不动。

五、结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的词主要有：so ... that如此……以至于，such ... that如此……以至于。

1．so ... that引导的结果状语从句

在so ... that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，其后修饰形容词和副词。

· It's so cold that they stayed at home for the whole weakened．天气太冷了，他们整个周末都待在家里。

· The flowers are so beautiful that we picked up many．这花太漂亮了以至于我们摘了很多。

· Their performance was so wonderful that all the audience applauded．他们的表演如此精彩，所有的观众都鼓掌了。

2．such ... that引导的结果状语从句

在such ... that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，其后修饰名词。

· Little Tom has such a big apple that David wants to have one too．小汤姆有一个很大的苹果，戴维也想有一个。

· There is such heavy rain that no one is walking on the street．雨如此大，没有人在街上行走。

· Carrie thought of such a good idea that she took action at one．卡丽想到了一个如此好的主意，她马上行动起来了。

六、原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的词主要有：because（因为）, for（因为）, as（因为）, since（因为）, now that（既然）。

1．because和for引导的原因状语从句

because是所有原因状语引导词中语气最强的，可直接回答why提出的疑问。for引导的原因状语从句一般位于句末，有时可以和because互换。表示非直接原因时，只能用for。

· She didn't attend the meeting because she was on a business trip．她因为出差而没有出席会议。

· It might rain last night for the ground is wet．昨晚可能下雨了因为地面是湿的。

· They didn't do the work well, because / for they had limited time．他们没有把工作做好，因为他们的时间有限。

2．as和since引导的原因状语从句

as引导的原因状语从句语气较弱，一般位于句首，而since引导的原因状语从句语气较as略强，但两者都可以表示已知的原因。

· As it was Sunday, they didn't go to work．因为是星期天，所以他们没有去工作。

· I will tell you since you want to know．既然你想知道，我会告诉你的。

· You should work carefully since it's working time now．既然现在是上班时间，你应该认真工作。

3．now that引导的原因状语从句

now that表示的是对方已经知道的原因，和since有相似之处。

· Now that he decides to leave, let's hold a party for him．既然他决定要走，我们为他举办一个聚会吧。

· Now that you have a baby, you should take good care of him．既然你生了孩子，你就应该好好照顾他。

· Now that you are going to the library, take me with you please．既然你要去图书馆，那就带我一起去吧。

七、让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句的词主要有：though（尽管）, although（尽管）, as（尽管）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）, no matter+疑问词或疑问词+后缀ever, whether ... or not（无论……都……）。

1．though和although引导的让步状语从句

though和although在一般情况下可互换，但是although比though更正式，通常指的是真实的情况，而不是假设。二者都不能和but连用，但是可以和yet连用。

· Although / Though the company offers good benefits, the man decides to resign．尽管这家公司提供较好的福利待遇，但是这个人还是决定辞职。

· I don't believe him although / though he behaves like a gentleman．虽然他表现得像一个绅士，但是我不相信他。

· Although you don't agree, I will insist on my opinion．即使你不同意，我也会坚持我的看法。

2．even if和even though引导的让步状语从句

两者通常可互换。

· Even if / Even though she is a woman, she didn't enjoy the special treatment．即使她是女人，她也没有享受特殊的待遇。

· We can't pass the road smoothly even if / even though it has been repaired．即使道路修好了，我们也无法顺利通过。

· He refused to make an apology even if / even though he was wrong．即使是他错了，他也拒绝道歉。

3．as和though引导的让步状语从句

as和though引导的让步状语从句中，表语和状语可位于句首，此时从句要倒装。

· A child as she is, she can sing many songs．尽管她是个孩子，但是她会唱很多歌。

· Tall though he is, he couldn't install the curtain well．尽管他很高，但是他也不能把窗帘安好。

· Say as they would, they didn't get the support．虽然他们说了，但是没有得到支持。

4．no matter+疑问词或疑问词+后缀ever引导的让步状语从句

· No matter what you will say, I won't believe you any more．不管你要说什么，我都不会相信你了。

· Whoever you are, you can't disturb the students．不论你是谁，都不能打扰这些学生。

· No matter when you will start, you should remember the correct process．不管你什么时候开始，都要记得正确的过程。

5．Whether ... or not引导的让步状语从句

whether ... or not引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论……都……”，而且or not有时可省略。

· Whether you believe or not, he intended no harm．无论你相信与否，他没有恶意。

· Whether you admit the crime or not, the police will investigate you．无论你承认犯罪与否，警察都会调查你。

· Whether he is a bad guy or not, he is their son．无论他是不是坏人，他都是他们的儿子。

八、方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的词主要有：as（像）, as if（好像）, as though（好像）, as ... so（正如……）。

1．as引导的方式状语从句

· He became an athlete as his parents want him to be．正如父母希望的一样，他成为了一名运动员。

· These students are doing the experiment as the professor taught them．这些学生正按照教授教他们的方法做实验。

· Children always like saying as parents do．孩子们总是喜欢像父母一样说话。

2．as if和as though引导的方式状语从句

· It looks as if he wants to say something．看起来他好像要说什么。

· They looked worried as though the train had left．他们看起来很着急，好像火车已经离开了。

· The baby walks as if she were a duck．婴儿走起来像只鸭子。

3．as ... so引导的方式状语从句

as ... so引导的方式状语从句一般具有比喻意义，as通常置于句首，表示“正如……，就像……”。

· As we respect our parents, so we should respect our teachers．就像我们尊敬父母一样，我们也应该尊敬老师。

· As we protect the environment, so we should protect the earth．就像我们保护环境一样，我们也应该保护地球。

· As the earth is to us, so water is to fish．正如地球对我们是重要的，水对鱼也是重要的。

随手练一练

一、找出下列句子中的状语从句，并翻译整个句子。

1．She has been practicing dancing for 12 years in order that she can become a dancing artist.

2．A huge wave hit before the boat reached the coast.

3．Though three colleagues helped him with the work, he didn't finish it yet.

4．Providing that this dress hits twenty percent off, I will buy it.

5．The movie tickets have been sold out so that they have to leave.

6．I will go wherever you go.

7．Teddy was so sad because his dad had refused his request.

8．Young people of this age don't want to engage in a job as their parents want them to do.

参考答案

1．She has been practicing dancing for 12 years in order that she can become a dancing artist．为了成为一名舞蹈家，12年来她一直努力练习舞蹈。

2．A huge wave hit before the boat reached the coast．在那艘船抵达海岸之前，一个巨浪袭来。

3．Though three colleagues helped him with the work, he didn't finish it yet．尽管有三个同事帮他做工作，他还是没有完成。

4．Providing that this dress hits twenty percent off, I will buy it．如果这件衣服打八折，我就会买。

5．The movie tickets have been sold out so that they have to leave．电影票已经卖完了，他们不得不离开。

6．I will go wherever you go．你去哪我去哪。

7．Teddy was so sad because his dad had refused his request．泰迪很难过，因为爸爸拒绝了他的请求。

8．Young people of this age don't want to engage in a job as their parents want them to do．这个时代的年轻人不想从事他们父母希望他们从事的工作。

二、找出下面这段话中的状语从句。

A $100 million deal was created at the recently concluded New York auction. It was a palace painting of the fourteenth Century. Before the auction began, it had attracted the attention of many art lovers and businessmen. When the host announced that it was the next auction, the audience was boiling. This auction had a high price at the beginning as people expected. In order that it can attract more people to participate in, the host also put forward idea of giving other auctions for free. The man who got the painting hired dozens of bodyguards to protect it after the auction ended.

参考答案

A $100 million deal was created at the recently concluded New York auction . It was a palace painting of the fourteenth Century. Before the auction began, it had attracted the attention of many art lovers and businessmen. When the host announced that it was the next auction, the audience was boiling. This auction had a high price at the beginning as people expected. In order that it can attract more people to participate in, the host also put forward the idea of giving other auctions for free. The man who got the painting hired dozens of bodyguards to protect it after the auction ended.