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第1篇 电气工程图基础知识
第1章 常用电气图形符号和文字符号
1.1 常用电气图形符号
1.1.1 常用符号要素、限定符号和其他常用图形符号
(1)轮廓和外壳(见表1-1)
表1-1 轮廓和外壳
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/15_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-xU12QQwdvzgEawUUQi4Q6I17hhlH3L6L-0-4f1ef8321c3b6985ea58916534743a9d)
(2)电流和电压的种类(见表1-2)
表1-2 电流和电压的种类
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/15_02.jpg?sign=1739686873-oWl1F8rG09mISCPgik5WmyXQ6aQrGsqF-0-a947eb7499d095209f9b481992c91176)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-9yZsVkVOqn4XV9WirnCoIv0LekQBK75Q-0-94725d368e7720cd1bc1f3532835ec01)
(3)接地、接机壳和等电位(见表1-3)
表1-3 接地、接机壳和等电位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_02.jpg?sign=1739686873-a7KUbLxxYDId87vuZY4wvIt1btkFrnlI-0-25ad5d5090500c743ae309e7e7ec982d)
(4)理想电路元件(见表1-4)
表1-4 理想电路元件
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_03.jpg?sign=1739686873-brr5UwGr7IxMlxoUsAMKLHE3yjhhElgJ-0-78ca59d8241077a7f042f4633b3e394e)
(5)其他常用符号(见表1-5)
表1-5 其他常用符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/17_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-t2DqNSLCdxAo3QmuW901s8lKANCOFjjq-0-2d7e5355cbe3bfc43ea8e1ffbc6db50f)
1.1.2 常用导线及连接器件图形符号
常用导线及连接器件图形符号见表1-6。
表1-6 常用导线及连接器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/17_02.jpg?sign=1739686873-jwfB1S7atPwOK1xrRMXjqOsRWx06T24y-0-9c5035d2101d5c7c7a3536a8a0602614)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/18_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-J24Ocdtle184ofuymRrGsZj7vsE1KnI8-0-abcb26a3cc7c138f16465e8d2a261185)
1.1.3 常用电阻器、电容器和电感器图形符号
(1)常用电阻器图形符号(见表1-7)
表1-7 常用电阻器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/18_02.jpg?sign=1739686873-4GiFH6GnlcziaNza1Vd5Ic58cVBrn4Bg-0-5d9efee6ea3e8d3d8b7d8b09a7a2d672)
(2)常用电容器图形符号(见表1-8)
表1-8 常用电容器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/19_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-sAUktwfFM6s5qUAWh1d3SIiYCZNEQj8P-0-5e41417adc99aa554578895894a492d1)
(3)常用电感器图形符号(见表1-9)
表1-9 常用电感器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/19_02.jpg?sign=1739686873-DL65Kinvw32tYJtz2tsKBeOqxDOtAYGs-0-ed395e6532261cc9bf8346bba15f9506)
1.1.4 常用变压器图形符号
常用变压器图形符号见表1-10。
表1-10 常用变压器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/20_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-TuB06Wmxh2suIaT6sNmrHJprNg5F8mE5-0-bdddbc5270045cb25a67715ffaa08fca)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/21_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-eDSKm7vvAQIszmOjE8WJwXeyqmrDuec9-0-db4bee7c8d7c28c59756b0f16f9bb3cd)
1.1.5 常用电机图形符号
常用电机图形符号见表1-11。
表1-11 常用电机图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/22_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-Mq4EdwJppEg4UAnb6shc87wDMLu6WseD-0-08c3e838bb4697c75e1cc89fa19ea613)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/23_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-pjVgGDKO4CUdMesZzspO3PjR3s0y6O8P-0-83a9c23fac87051ba1e50fcd317a65d4)
1.1.6 常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号
常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号见表1-12。
表1-12 常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/23_02.jpg?sign=1739686873-Fm0X4gB5mS6u5BzwHxruMBURqEGYelYI-0-aabfb85b46afef72e08dac8dac7288c9)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/24_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-WHuBtk55LgG2gAhTGhofzUeWKR6OdW14-0-4a207902c60b6cf721ac4d23a7511069)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/25_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-j8MVZudycwwliEePCGt2CypsswGRFmxR-0-3b18d47c3ab93823845558160b5bfc22)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/26_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-F0jEZx8aT0fd6t0w7LqjaiGYV0YgBOjP-0-ac103f85a7471227453c980e99b6501d)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/27_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-Xv2gaM9rssQk2xyP34A3Gyd5SkY4WMLI-0-b335dc1f2ec23cec0cd7871db80cdafa)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/28_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-R9fDCMzWIfWjRQ3fYz2jv6vshmjWtEz0-0-e35338a3446952065fcf61c235c48fe7)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/29_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-aGJAOIVh8goqfdzAe2CqZdcbzizBv2bj-0-9a32493e5d21256a2b0b5dfe5a91890a)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-axRVTgvOtqQD6Uubsp4POhP0Un2xs7d6-0-06a9bdbf42d6862687a1da2582aa4e01)
1.1.7 常用半导体器件图形符号
(1)二极管图形符号(见表1-13)
表1-13 常用二极管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_02.jpg?sign=1739686873-YqFgTofrx0WjwgHeXwn5UA3pOkOh9CXt-0-a6a6358708a2fc2ccfe71af94719b1dc)
(2)晶闸管图形符号(见表1-14)
表1-14 晶闸管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_03.jpg?sign=1739686873-DpyLL5Icz3bc3ugtvhEgIM8pVPjPLDNE-0-07b6377a1848140d00867d08da1526f0)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/31_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-GF3iEEvVK8fT2KTwvsWkzSRAe1coHifb-0-9f4fd11c54e591de8d1803dc695663b5)
(3)晶体管图形符号(见表1-15)
表1-15 晶体管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/31_02.jpg?sign=1739686873-PVSbIibLdKmRdgQBlbtPwDFzzudWY8RB-0-d987dc4a00f3ab7e3688924293c60bee)
(4)光电子、光敏和磁敏器件图形符号(见表1-16)
表1-16 光电子、光敏和磁敏器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/32_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-Ekcw53SkspmT42UPKDsiLtddJxHYkf59-0-33caa01a458452873c76ec526b32bb2b)
1.1.8 整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号
整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号见表1-17。
表1-17 整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/32_02.jpg?sign=1739686873-EkI9qpjLUsqyTH2soUdwbDFgtwZfegwh-0-ae648cb69c3a9f91fcf11af53008bdca)
1.1.9 测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号
测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号见表1-18。
表1-18 测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/33_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-EnOtgOdbPIxwEuTOMrYWKh64rUUQ4gxG-0-c5744cc929896a67e5e6ed62032e43a7)
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![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/34_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-jVB8qJHeClasaY8Yge34YvX46v6Xhdst-0-5d4da3937833ff3da18063de61a5ce5c)
1.1.10 电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号
电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号见表1-19。
表1-19 电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/34_02.jpg?sign=1739686873-cx4Novbjm5O5vF9LmWXh3ZOUjRAccUwh-0-6b56584aa939ccfc13e47b4ab468ca0b)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/35_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-dXNEq3rnI4N695by6OcxVIa6SgGryRD8-0-195398be68e2632ffbb9d99095f40434)
1.1.11 电气图形符号的取向规则
电气图形符号的取向规则见表1-20。
表1-20 电气图形符号的取向规则
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/35_02.jpg?sign=1739686873-vxXhGLpUV4R4lZiGXQm0SRPvoBxrh1c1-0-3588f78dce4fae4a522195987ac13f7f)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/36_01.jpg?sign=1739686873-k27Ge6hoccMtXfgyvjvXLIQkup10ULRl-0-a56fdeab1949dd047a61097ee836f923)