1.2 Take an Outward Bound
Section One： Tasks
Situation 1： Liu Xu and his classmate Yang Wei who are both freshmen are talking about the military training on the playground during the rest time.Make a conversation，and then act with your partner.
Situation 2： A week later，Liu Xu and Wang Lin meets on campus and they are talking about the feeling of military training.Make a conversation，and then act with your partner.
Situation 3： A month later，the college organizes an outward bound，Liu Xu who participates in it talks about the activity with his classmate Yang Wei.Make a conversation，and then act with your partner.
Section Two：Related Information
How to Build a Successful Work Team
Teamwork is the actions of individuals，brought together for a common purpose or goal，which subordinates the needs of the individual to the needs of the group.1In essence，each person in the team puts aside his or her individual needs to work towards the larger group objective.The interactions among the members and the work they complete are called teamwork.
People in every workplace talk about building the team，working as a team and my team，but few understand how to gain the experience of team work or how to develop an effective team.Here are some tips for building a successful work team.
Determine the purpose and goals of the team.You may write a business plan that covers the mission of the team.All team members must have a copy of this document.2
Help employees understand what goals need to be met and how they can be met by creating a yearlong plan that provides structure and clarity.3 Help employees understand the prioritization of the goals and focus on short-term goals to provide a yardstick for accountability.
Choose the members of the team.After describing the team’s goals，plug in collaborators that can execute each goal.Team members must not be limited to employees. They can include consultants or freelancers with special expertise.Assign a team leader who is an experienced and ethical role model.He/She must challenge the team members while providing respect and support.4
Define each team member’s duties.Lay out the roles of each member clearly in a document for members to sign.Connect the team with the company’s vision and mission.
Conduct team meetings at the end of each term to reassess what goals have been met，what priorities need to change and whether implemented strategies need adjustment. Conducting teambuilding exercises can create a cohesive team.Successful teams stem from good relationships，so business teams must create these relationships quickly.
Vocabulary
subordinate vt.使……居下位，使从属，使服从
yearlong adj.整整一年的
prioritization 优先次序；优化
yardstick n.尺度；码尺
accountability n.责任制，问责制；有责任
plug vi.塞住，插入
collaborator n.合作者
execute vt.实行；执行
freelancer n.自由职业者；自由记者
expertise n.专门知识；专门技术
assign vt.分配；指派
ethical adj.伦理的；道德的
conduct v.组织；引导；表现
reassess v.再估价；再评价
implement vt.实施，执行
adjustment n.调解，调整
cohesive adj.凝聚的；有结合力的
in essence 本质上，大体上，其实
put aside 搁；撇开，储备
lay out 安排；列出
stem from 起源于
Notes
1.Teamwork is the actions of individuals，brought together for a common purpose or goal，which subordinates the needs of the individual to the needs of the group.团队合作是指为了实现共同的目的或目标将个人的行为汇集在一起的行为，团队合作使个人的需求服从于团队的需求。brought together过去分词短语作定语，修饰the actions of individuals，which subordinates the needs of the individual to the needs of the group为非限定性定语从句，which是关系代词，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词teamwork。
2.copy of this document此文件的副本
3.Help employees understand what goals need to be met and how they can be met by creating a yearlong plan that provides structure and clarity.帮助员工了解需要满足什么目标，以及通过制订一个结构清晰的年度计划帮助他们了解如何实现这些目标。what goals need to be met and how they can be met是宾语从句，作understand的宾语，意为“需要满足什么目标和如何实现这些目标”。that provides structure and clarity为定语从句，that是关系代词，修饰先行词 a yearlong plan，在从句中作主语。
4.He/She must challenge the team members while providing respect and support.他或她在给予团队成员尊重和支持的同时必须能激励他们。while providing respect and support是时间状语从句，从句的主语与主句主语一致可省略从句的主语+谓语的一部分（一般是be）。
Section Three：Situational Task Samples
Situation 1： Li Xin and Wang Qi who are freshmen in the same class are walking on the playground and they are talking about the military training.（A： Li Xin； B： Wang Qi）
A： Our campus is big and beautiful，right？
B： Yes，it’s much bigger than I have expected.And we have the military training here.
A： You look much stronger than I first met you here.
B： Really？ And my face was tanned，right？
A： So am I.Sometimes I feel tired，but it is good for our health.
B： I do agree with you，some of our classmates have complained about it，but I think military training can build our strong will and good discipline1.
A： That’s right，by the way，have you got this kind of training before？
B： I attended an outward bound2 in the last summer vocation.
A： I heard of that.Is that interesting？
B： Yes，very interesting.
A： I’ll have a try if it is possible.Look，the training starts.Let’s go.
B： OK，let’s go.
Situation 2： Li Xin is a freshman and Li Lin is a sophomore.They are talking about the feeling of military training on the playground.（A： Li Lin； B： Li Xin）
A： Glad to see you again.Do you adapt yourself to the college life？
B： Yes，better than before，we just finished our military training.
A： What do you think of military training life？
B： Oh，I felt almost fatigued to death3 after the first day of the military training.
A： Is there anything difficult for you？
B： Yes，It’s difficult for me to shoot accurately.I can’t shoot well.
A： Is there anyone giving up half way？
B： Oh，no，everyone did his part in earnest4.Our instructor said that they had training every day.
A： Being a soldier is not easy.
B： Yes，soldiers are often our role models，I think it’s quite a different experience for me.
A： The military training gave us the importance of good discipline and teamwork.
B： Yes，I got a kick out of5 military training.
Situation 3： Li Xin and Wang Lin are both freshmen.They are talking about an outward bound on campus.（A： Wang Lin； B： Li Xin）
A： What did you do last Sunday？
B： I had an outward bound training.
A： Oh，fantastic，it was very stimulated and terrible，right？
B： Yes，and some programs were very interesting.
A： What programs did you have？
B： Hand In Hand，Entrapment，Trolley Bus，Trinity，Descending6 and so on.
A： Sounds interesting，did you finish them all？
B： Yes，I took part in all the programs.
A： Which program was the most difficult？
B： Descending，this training required players to descend from the height of 30 meters. Since I was a little fear of heights，descending was very difficult for me.
A： Yes，when I went to that height for the first time，I was trembled in my legs.But I think you must enjoy the happiness from overcoming that difficulty.
B： Oh，really.Action is the best method to conquer the fear7.And I got a lot from this outward bound training.
A： Of course.You are so brave.
Notes
1.build our strong will and good discipline 锻炼我们坚强的意志力，养成我们自律的好习惯
2.outward bound 拓展训练，户外训练项目，其目的是为了培养合作精神和进取意识。
3.feel/be fatigued to death 累坏了。fatigue v.使疲劳
4.everyone did his part in earnest 每个人都尽自己最大的努力。earnest n.认真
5.get a kick out of…从某事中得到乐趣
6.Hand In Hand，Entrapment，Trolley Bus，Trinity，Descending（拓展训练项目）牵手、偷天陷阱、有轨电车、三人行和下降
7.Action is the best method to conquer the fear.行动是克服恐惧的最好方法。
Section Four：Functional Expression Bank
Military Training Condition（军训条件）
1.We must get up bright and early every morning.我们必须每天一大早起床。
2.We drilled more than six hours a day，though it was hot at the time.
尽管那时天气炎热，我们每天都要训练6个多小时。
3.It is hot and humid，we are sweaty and sticky all the time.
天气闷热潮湿，我们一直流汗，身上黏黏的。
4.Three days later，our faces were tanned.三天后，我们的脸都晒黑了。
Military Training Procedure（军训过程）
1.What do you think of your military training life here？ 你觉得这儿的军训生活怎么样？
2.I was almost fatigued to death after the first day of military training.
第一天军训后我都快要累死了。
3.Come on！It’s not easy to get started.坚持！万事开头难。
4.I’ve just trying to catch up with others.我正努力赶上其他人。
5.During training，each of us did his part in earnest.
在训练中，我们每个人都认真地完成了自己的任务。
6.The unique principle of military training lies in obedience.军训唯一的原则就是服从。
Military Training Results（军训结果）
1.Our team went all out to win in shooting performance.
我们队竭尽全力在射击表演中获得胜利。
2.That’s the result of exercise in military training.这是在军训中锻炼的结果。
3.I’ve no doubt of your ability all along.我一直确信你有这个能力。
4.He hits the center of a target to a hair.他射中靶心毫厘不差。
Military Training Experience（军训经验）
1.I get a kick out of military training.我从军训中得到了很大乐趣。
2.Military training is more interesting than I expected.军训比我期望的更加有趣。
3.It’s quite a different experience for me.对我来说它是一段截然不同的经历。
4.Although military training was very tiring，it benefited me greatly，and I began to enjoy the life like this.军训虽然很累，却让我受益匪浅，我开始喜欢上这种生活了。
Usual Events of Outward Bound Training（拓展训练常见训练项目）
Can Shoe 罐头鞋
The Darkness 黑暗
Egg-craft 鸡蛋飞行器
Spider Web with Negotiation 交易电网
Landmine Cleaning In the Bush 荆棘排雷
Combined Fleet 联合舰队
Trinity 三人行
Suspended Ladder 天梯
Descending 下降
Blind House-outline 盲人绳房
Blind Square 盲阵
Blind Drawing 盲屋
Magic Carpet 魔毯
Shepherd 牧羊
Close Shave 千钧一发
Hand in Hand 牵手
Clear up Nuclear Waste 清除核废料
Speed 生死时速
Body Chess 十面埋伏
Space-time Tunnel 时空隧道
Broken Bridge 断桥
Rock Climbing 攀岩
Trust Fall 背摔
Final Wall 求生
Get Over Barrier 越障
Mining for Gold 挖金矿
The Ultimate Cube 终极魔方
Tower Building 筑塔
Crocodiles Lake 鳄鱼潭
Lonely Island 孤岛
Aim for Outward Bound（拓展训练目的）
1.In outward bound activities，we can know one’s own advantages and shortcomings.
在拓展训练活动中，我们可以了解自己的优势和不足。
2.We can understand and help each other，reach the goal by harmonious cooperation.
我们可以相互理解并互相帮助取长补短，团结协作达成目标。
3.Combined Fleet can make team members have fun to cooperate with the team.
联合舰队可以让队员们感受团队合作的快乐。
4.Landmine Cleaning In the Bush can foster the ability of planning，organizing and carefully cooperation.荆棘排雷这项活动可以培养队员计划、组织和精细合作的能力。
5.Blind Square is to test the importance of trust in building team and achieving goals.
盲阵这个项目是为了测试信任在团队建设和目标达成中的重要性。
6.The goal of Lonely Island is to understand the importance of sharing information and cooperating across functions.孤岛项目的目的是理解在跨部门间分享信息和合作的重要性。
7.Descending tells us adjusting plans according to the necessity of objectives is the best method to conquer the fear.
下降这个项目告诉我们根据目标需要调整行动计划是克服恐惧的最好办法。
8.Egg-craft is to test the ability of how to make prompt and efficient decision in short time.鸡蛋飞行器这个项目是为了测试如何在短时间内进行有效可行的团队决策。
9.The goal of The Darkness is to foster efficient decision mechanism and executive ability.黑暗这个项目的目的是为了培养团队形成高效的决策机制和执行能力。
10.The aim of Spider Web with Negotiation is to improve communicative skills and overcome obstacles in communication.
交易电网项目的目的是为了提高沟通技巧，克服沟通障碍。
11.The Darkness can inspire team moral and enhance team cohesiveness.
黑暗这个项目能激发团队士气，增强团队凝聚力。
12.The aim of Tower Building is to make team members understand the importance of the willpower when they do tasks.
筑塔项目的目的是让队员们理解在完成任务时意志力的重要性。
Section Five： Cultural Tips
拓展训练的发展历程及价值观
拓展训练的发展历程
拓展训练的概念源于英国，英文名为Outward Bound，意为“投向外界未知世界，迎接挑战”。后来拓展的独特创意和训练方式逐渐被推广开来。1970年，中国香港成立了香港外展训练学校。这是中国第一个加入Outward Bound国际组织的专业培训机构，1999年，该组织在广东肇庆建立了拓展训练基地，是国内第一个该组织下属的培训基地。
拓展训练是以体育技术为原理，充分整合各种资源，融入科技手段，运用独特的情境设计，通过创意独特的专业户外项目体验，帮助参与者改变态度及心智模式的训练方式。它是一种全新的体验式学习方法和训练方式。大多数拓展训练的项目是以培养合作意识和进取精神为宗旨，帮助企业和组织激发成员的潜力，增强团队活力、创造力和凝聚力，以达到提升团队合作力和竞争力的目的。
拓展训练的价值观
积极主动：积极的工作态度和人生态度是拓展精神的核心。乐观自信，从我做起，环境因我而变。
开拓创新：以开放的心态，应对变化，积极进取。
认真负责：人和事因认真而完美，注重细节是专业化的表现。坚守承诺，积累信用。
独立协作：独立自主，各司其职，独当一面。个人和公司的竞争力来自个人不可替代的价值。高水平的独立，才有可能带来高水平的协作。局部利益服从整体利益；以双赢的心态创造最大动力。
共享成功：成功来自每个人的努力和贡献，成功是协作的结晶；共享成功的经验，共享成功的好处。
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第二部分：相关信息
如何创建一个优秀的团队
团队合作是指为了实现共同的目的或目标将个人的行为汇集在一起的行为，团队合作使个人的需求服从于团队的需求。实质上，团队中的每个人都将个人的需求放置一边，朝着更大的团队目标努力。成员间的互动和他们共同完成的工作称为团队合作。
每个工作场所的人都在谈论团队建设，团队工作和自己的团队，但很少有人懂得如何获得团队工作的经验，或者如何培养一支高效的团队。下面是一些帮助建立一个成功的工作团队的技巧。
确定团队的目的和目标。撰写一份涵盖团队任务的业务计划书。所有团队成员必须拥有此文件的副本。
帮助员工了解需要满足什么目标，以及通过制订一个结构清晰的年度计划帮助他们了解如何实现这些目标。帮助员工了解这些目标的优先级，并将重点放在短期目标上，为实行问责制提供评判标准。
选择团队成员。描述团队的目标后，安排可以执行每个目标的协作者。团队成员不能仅限于员工，还可以包括具有特殊专长的顾问或自由职业者。指派一个经验丰富、具有道德模范作用的团队领导。他或她在给予团队成员尊重和支持的同时必须能激励他们。
确定每个团队成员的职责。在给成员签署的文件中明确列出每个成员的职责。把团队与公司的前景和使命联系起来。
在每个期限结束时召开团队会议，重新评估哪些目标已经达到，哪些事项的优先级需要改变，以及已经实施的战略是否需要调整。进行团队建设训练能够创建一个有凝聚力的团队。成功的团队源于良好的关系，因此，业务团队必须快速建立这些关系。
第三部分：情境任务范例
情境1：李欣和王奇是大一新生，并且两人是同班同学，他们俩正在操场上散步并谈论有关军训的事。（A： 李欣；B： 王奇）
A：我们的校园很大并且很漂亮，是吧？
B：是的，它比我预想的大很多，而且我们现在在这里军训。
A：你看起来比我第一次在这里见到你时更强壮了。
B：真的吗，我的脸都晒黑了，是吧？
A：我现在也晒黑了，有时候我觉得军训很累，但是它对我们的健康有好处。
B：我十分赞同你的观点，一些同学已经在抱怨军训的苦与累，但是我认为军训可以锻炼我们坚强的意志力，让我们养成自律的好习惯。
A：是的，顺便问一下，你之前参加过这类的训练吗？
B：去年暑假我参加过一次拓展训练项目。
A：我听说过这种训练项目。有意思吗？
B：是的，非常有趣。
A：有机会我也要尝试一下。看，训练要开始了。我们过去吧！
B：好的，走吧。
情境2：李欣是大一新生，李林是大二学生。他们俩正在操场上谈论军训的感受。（A：李林；B：李欣）
A：很高兴再见到你，你适应大学生活了吗？
B：是的，比之前好多了，我们刚刚结束了军训。
A：你觉得军训生活怎么样？
B：第一天结束的时候，我感觉累极了。
A：军训对你来说有什么困难吗？
B：准确射击对我来说太难了，我总是射不准。
A：有没有人中途退下来啊？
B：噢，没有，每个人都认真地完成了训练。我们的教官说，他们每天都训练。
A：当兵很不容易。
B：是的，军人常常是我们的榜样，我认为军训对我来说是一段不寻常的经历。
A：军训教会我们遵守纪律和团队合作的重要性。
B：是的，我从军训中得到了乐趣。
情境3：李欣和王林都是大一新生，他们俩正在校园里谈论有关拓展训练的事。（A：王林；B：李欣）
A：上周日你干什么了？
B：我参加了一个拓展训练项目。
A：噢，太棒了，是不是又刺激又吓人啊？
B：是的，但有些项目很有意思。
A：你都参加什么项目了？
B：牵手，偷天陷阱，有轨电车，三人行还有下降项目，等等。
A：听起来不错，你都完成了吗？
B：是的，我参加了所有项目。
A：哪个项目最难？
B：下降项目。这个项目要求参赛者从30米的高度下降。因为我有些恐高，所以这个项目对我来说非常困难。
A：是的，我第一次从那个高度下来时，我的双腿都在颤抖，但是我想你现在一定很享受战胜困难的喜悦。
B：噢，确实如此。行动是克服恐惧的最好办法。我从这次的拓展训练中收获很多。
A：当然了，你很勇敢。